Sun Yat Sen wrote a good bit on his difficulty in building a nation-state concept within Chinese culture. Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger who worked for Sun Yat Sen, has a few texts he wrote about Sun and the development of a national government, vs. an imperial government (by definition an empire is not a nation-state, though a nation-state may be the seat of an empire). These texts are available on Gutenberg.org. The Arabs face similar issue which has bedeviled their attempts to break past the Turkish and Western empires constraints on the development of nationalism.
I often wondered why the Arab natiions displayed poor efforts in battle. and hoped someone cwuld explain it. My opinion leaned toward tribal allegiance diminshed artificial national attachment and severe class systems don't genertate high morale in foot soldiers. This article explains the situation so well and in extraordinary detail that it should be required reading in all Arab capitals.
Sun Yat Sen wrote a good bit on his difficulty in building a nation-state concept within Chinese culture. Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger who worked for Sun Yat Sen, has a few texts he wrote about Sun and the development of a national government, vs. an imperial government (by definition an empire is not a nation-state, though a nation-state may be the seat of an empire). These texts are available on Gutenberg.org. The Arabs face similar issue which has bedeviled their attempts to break past the Turkish and Western empires constraints on the development of nationalism.
I often wondered why the Arab natiions displayed poor efforts in battle. and hoped someone cwuld explain it. My opinion leaned toward tribal allegiance diminshed artificial national attachment and severe class systems don't genertate high morale in foot soldiers. This article explains the situation so well and in extraordinary detail that it should be required reading in all Arab capitals.